Yes. In fact, in the US, it can be a crime for a doctor to aid someone in distress, if that person is a pregnant woman and helping them might harm the baby they are carrying.
In some states
OOF
Fetus*
Yes, many. In most cases a trained doctor has a moral, and maybe contractual, responsibility to help some one, not a legal one. There is no law that says ‘you are trained doctor, you have to help fix this broken leg’. Now if you egregiously refuse the various medical licensing authorities might take a dim view and you might loose your license to practice, but that’s not the same as breaking the law
Except, it seems, in Brazil. You learn something new every day
Lose*
I wasn’t thinking about it in this way, but that makes sense. When I was a teenager I was going to a dermatologist for acne treatment. When I started college for whatever reason I wound up with appointments on Mondays a few times. This was probably around 2005 and while computerized calendars were a thing, mobile calendars were not widespread except with PDAs like Palm Pilot and I wasn’t using them, nor did I use a paper calendar to organize my schedule. In retrospect this was a bad idea with my then-undiagnosed ADHD. Anyway, the doctor’s office had this helpful automated phone reminder system that would call you the day before your appointment so if you needed to cancel/reschedule you could do it enough in advance that there wasn’t a penalty for late cancellation. The only problem was it didn’t take into account the weekends, so if your appointment was on a Monday it would call you on Sunday and if you canceled no one from the office would know until Monday morning and you’d get hit with a late cancellation fee. I think I actually did that 3 times and they sent me a letter saying they were dropping me as a patient. I felt that was unfair because their system should’ve been smart enough to call on Friday, but also I wasn’t really doing the prescribed acne treatments much at that point and I think I was getting old enough it kind of went away on its own around then anyways, so I didn’t mind not paying for the visits and medicine anymore. I’m still annoyed as an adult in my 40s, though, because I think that practice is supposed to have some of the better doctors in the area for skin cancer and I’m not sure if they’d still remember and not let me come if I ever needed treatment or screening for that.
deleted by creator
In the US, doctors are obligated to treat patients in immediate need of care (in a professional setting - an emergency department, for example - not just walking down a street.) They can’t discriminate against patients for non-clinically relevant reasons (race, gender identity, etc.) They CAN refuse care if they lack specific skills or the patient is “abusive.”
HOWEVER, these are ethical obligations (I pulled that info from the American Medical Association’s Code of Medical Ethics.)
You asked about legal obligations.
I am not well versed in doctors’ legal duty of care - laws are not consistent across national and local jurisdictions.
You also used the word “aid” so I am approaching it from an emergency context.
In a professional setting, there are limited reasons a medical professional could refuse emergency care where the immediate outcome is death. Perhaps someone with more legal expertise could direct you - I’m only familiar with ethical constraints.
The street sort of counts too. Licensing requires them to stop for accidents, etc
At our GP surgery, there are a couple of doctors who won’t consult on birth control matters for religious reasons.
There’s just a sign at the reception saying that if you need to discuss birth control, please let the receptionist know and they’ll be sure to assign a different doctor.
In a disaster situation they have to decide who does or doesn’t get treatment:
Do no harm
Except financial harm. Oh and getting people addicted to pain killers. And over prescribing antibiotics. And…
